9SPI image
Deposition Date 2025-09-17
Release Date 2026-01-21
Last Version Date 2026-06-24
Entry Detail
PDB ID:
9SPI
Keywords:
Title:
CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF HUMAN 80S RIBOSOME WITH A/P/E-SITE TRNA AND MRNA CONTAINING URIDINE
Biological Source:
Source Organism(s):
Homo sapiens (Taxon ID: 9606)
Method Details:
Experimental Method:
Resolution:
2.40 Å
Aggregation State:
PARTICLE
Reconstruction Method:
SINGLE PARTICLE
Macromolecular Entities
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:tRNA-Ile-AAT-9-1
Chain IDs:A (auth: At)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:E site tRNA
Chain IDs:B (auth: Et)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:28S rRNA
Chain IDs:C (auth: L5)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:5S rRNA
Chain IDs:D (auth: L7)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:5.8S rRNA
Chain IDs:E (auth: L8)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL8
Chain IDs:F (auth: LA)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL3
Chain IDs:G (auth: LB)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L4
Gene (Uniprot):RPL4
Chain IDs:H (auth: LC)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L5
Gene (Uniprot):RPL5
Chain IDs:I (auth: LD)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL6
Chain IDs:J (auth: LE)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL7
Chain IDs:K (auth: LF)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L7a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL7A
Chain IDs:L (auth: LG)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L9
Gene (Uniprot):RPL9, RPL9P7, RPL9P8, RPL9P9
Chain IDs:M (auth: LH)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L10
Gene (Uniprot):RPL10
Chain IDs:N (auth: LI)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L11
Gene (Uniprot):RPL11
Chain IDs:O (auth: LJ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL13
Chain IDs:P (auth: LL)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L14
Gene (Uniprot):RPL14
Chain IDs:Q (auth: LM)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L15
Gene (Uniprot):RPL15
Chain IDs:R (auth: LN)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L13a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL13A
Chain IDs:S (auth: LO)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L17
Gene (Uniprot):RPL17
Chain IDs:T (auth: LP)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L18
Gene (Uniprot):RPL18
Chain IDs:U (auth: LQ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L19
Gene (Uniprot):RPL19
Chain IDs:V (auth: LR)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L18a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL18A
Chain IDs:W (auth: LS)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L21
Gene (Uniprot):RPL21
Chain IDs:X (auth: LT)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L22
Gene (Uniprot):RPL22
Chain IDs:Y (auth: LU)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L23
Gene (Uniprot):RPL23
Chain IDs:Z (auth: LV)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L24
Gene (Uniprot):RPL24
Chain IDs:AA (auth: LW)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L23a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL23A
Chain IDs:BA (auth: LX)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L26
Gene (Uniprot):RPL26
Chain IDs:CA (auth: LY)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L27
Gene (Uniprot):RPL27
Chain IDs:DA (auth: LZ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL27A
Chain IDs:EA (auth: La)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL29
Chain IDs:FA (auth: Lb)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L30
Gene (Uniprot):RPL30
Chain IDs:GA (auth: Lc)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L31
Gene (Uniprot):RPL31
Chain IDs:HA (auth: Ld)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L32
Gene (Uniprot):RPL32
Chain IDs:IA (auth: Le)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L35a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL35A
Chain IDs:JA (auth: Lf)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L34
Gene (Uniprot):RPL34
Chain IDs:KA (auth: Lg)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L35
Gene (Uniprot):RPL35
Chain IDs:LA (auth: Lh)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L36
Gene (Uniprot):RPL36
Chain IDs:MA (auth: Li)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL37
Chain IDs:NA (auth: Lj)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L38
Gene (Uniprot):RPL38
Chain IDs:OA (auth: Lk)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L39
Gene (Uniprot):RPL39
Chain IDs:PA (auth: Ll)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein e
Gene (Uniprot):UBA52
Chain IDs:QA (auth: Lm)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L41
Gene (Uniprot):RPL41
Chain IDs:RA (auth: Ln)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Large ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPL36A
Chain IDs:SA (auth: Lo)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L37a
Gene (Uniprot):RPL37A
Chain IDs:TA (auth: Lp)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:60S ribosomal protein L28
Gene (Uniprot):RPL28
Chain IDs:UA (auth: Lr)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:Synthetic mRNA
Chain IDs:VA (auth: Mr)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:P site tRNA Arg-ACG
Chain IDs:WA (auth: Pt)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polyribonucleotide
Molecule:18S rRNA
Chain IDs:XA (auth: S2)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein SA
Gene (Uniprot):RPSA
Chain IDs:YA (auth: SA)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S3a
Gene (Uniprot):RPS3A
Chain IDs:ZA (auth: SB)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S2
Gene (Uniprot):RPS2
Chain IDs:AB (auth: SC)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S3
Gene (Uniprot):RPS3
Chain IDs:BB (auth: SD)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Small ribosomal subunit prote
Gene (Uniprot):RPS4X
Chain IDs:CB (auth: SE)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S5
Gene (Uniprot):RPS5
Chain IDs:DB (auth: SF)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S6
Gene (Uniprot):RPS6
Chain IDs:EB (auth: SG)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S7
Gene (Uniprot):RPS7
Chain IDs:FB (auth: SH)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S8
Gene (Uniprot):RPS8
Chain IDs:GB (auth: SI)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S9
Gene (Uniprot):RPS9
Chain IDs:HB (auth: SJ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S10
Gene (Uniprot):RPS10
Chain IDs:IB (auth: SK)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S11
Gene (Uniprot):RPS11
Chain IDs:JB (auth: SL)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S12
Gene (Uniprot):RPS12
Chain IDs:KB (auth: SM)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S13
Gene (Uniprot):RPS13
Chain IDs:LB (auth: SN)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S14
Gene (Uniprot):RPS14
Chain IDs:MB (auth: SO)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S15
Gene (Uniprot):RPS15
Chain IDs:NB (auth: SP)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S16
Gene (Uniprot):RPS16
Chain IDs:OB (auth: SQ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S17
Gene (Uniprot):RPS17
Chain IDs:PB (auth: SR)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S18
Gene (Uniprot):RPS18
Chain IDs:QB (auth: SS)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S19
Gene (Uniprot):RPS19
Chain IDs:RB (auth: ST)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S20
Gene (Uniprot):RPS20
Chain IDs:SB (auth: SU)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S21
Gene (Uniprot):RPS21
Chain IDs:TB (auth: SV)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S15a
Gene (Uniprot):RPS15A
Chain IDs:UB (auth: SW)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S23
Gene (Uniprot):RPS23
Chain IDs:VB (auth: SX)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S24
Gene (Uniprot):RPS24
Chain IDs:WB (auth: SY)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S25
Gene (Uniprot):RPS25
Chain IDs:XB (auth: SZ)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S26
Gene (Uniprot):RPS26
Chain IDs:YB (auth: Sa)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S27
Gene (Uniprot):RPS27
Chain IDs:ZB (auth: Sb)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S28
Gene (Uniprot):RPS28
Chain IDs:AC (auth: Sc)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:40S ribosomal protein S29
Gene (Uniprot):RPS29
Chain IDs:BC (auth: Sd)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ubiquitin-like FUBI-ribosomal
Gene (Uniprot):FAU
Chain IDs:CC (auth: Se)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Ubiquitin
Gene (Uniprot):RPS27A
Chain IDs:DC (auth: Sf)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Polymer Type:polypeptide(L)
Molecule:Receptor of activated protein
Gene (Uniprot):RACK1
Chain IDs:EC (auth: Sg)
Chain Length:0
Number of Molecules:1
Biological Source:Homo sapiens
Modified Residue
Compound ID Chain ID Parent Comp ID Details 2D Image
HIC G HIS modified residue
HY3 VB PRO modified residue
M3L QA LYS modified residue
MLZ FA LYS modified residue
V5N F HIS modified residue
Primary Citation
N 1 -Methylpseudouridine directly modulates translation dynamics.
Nature 651 533 541 (2026)
PMID: 41535458 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09945-5

Abstact

The considerable success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the potential of synthetic mRNA as a transformative biomedical technology1. A critical feature of this approach is the incorporation of the modified nucleoside N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ), which enhances antigen expression while reducing immunogenicity2-5. However, a comprehensive understanding of how m1Ψ influences translation remains incomplete. Here we use ribosome profiling at the subcodon resolution to show that m1Ψ increases ribosome density on synthetic mRNAs, leading to higher protein production independent of innate immune activation or eIF2α phosphorylation. We find that m1Ψ directly slows ribosome movement in defined sequence contexts while simultaneously promoting translation initiation. Structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy reveal that m1Ψ alters interactions within the ribosomal decoding centre, providing a mechanistic basis for slowed elongation. Furthermore, by introducing synonymous recoding that disrupts the modification-mediated changes in elongation, we show that the m1Ψ-dependent enhancement of protein output is modulated by codon composition, and that m1Ψ impact is strongest in mRNAs containing non-optimal codons with uridines at the wobble position. Together, these findings demonstrate that m1Ψ directly modulates translation dynamics, thereby increasing protein yield from synthetic mRNAs in specific sequence contexts.

Legend

Protein

Chemical

Disease

Primary Citation of related structures
Feedback Form
Name
Email
Institute
Feedback