Abstact

The Mas receptor (MasR) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system through the ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-MasR axis and represents a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Despite its physiological importance, the structural basis of MasR has remained unknown. Here we report cryo-EM structures of human MasR in complex with heterotrimeric Gq at resolutions of 2.9 A and 3.1 A, determined for the full-length receptor and an N-terminally truncated variant (del2-25), respectively. These structures reveal that the receptor's own N-terminal peptide (residues 2-11) threads into and occludes the orthosteric binding pocket, functioning as an endogenous pseudo ligand. Functional mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that this N-terminal cap stably occupies the pocket but is dispensable for constitutive Gq coupling, distinguishing MasR from other N-terminal cap-forming GPCRs. Structural comparison with Mrgpr family members reveals a conserved Gq-coupling interface at the cytoplasmic face alongside divergent extracellular pocket architectures and identifies Y252(6.59) as a structural element that occludes a conserved sub-pocket present in Mrgpr paralogs. Molecular docking simulation of the MasR agonist AR234960 provides a structural template for orthosteric ligand design. Together, these findings establish the structural framework for MasR.