| Project ID | IMP_100050 |
| Title | Metabolic and Lipidomic Trade-offs in Helicoverpa armigera: Dynamics Under Plant Protease Inhibitor-Induced Stress |
| Uploaded by | Yashwant |
| Research Area | Biological Sciences |
| Funding Source | Translational Research Program (TRP) (No. BT/PR30159/MED/15/188/2018) of Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India. |
| Contributors | Yashwant Kumar |
| Description | Plant protease inhibitors retard the growth and development of insects by inhibiting their digestive proteases. In response, insects try to adapt to these plant defensive molecules by modulating their protease expression. However, their survival mechanisms might not be limited only to digestive plasticity. To explore this, we performed a comprehensive lipidomics and metabolomics analysis in Helicoverpa armigera fed with a recombinant Capsicum annuum protease inhibitor (rCanPI-7) having unique four inhibitory repeat domains with potent activity against insect trypsins and chymotrypsins. These results revealed that H. armigera employs a dynamic and multifaceted physiological response to dietary stress induced by rCanPI. Upon ingestion of rCanPI-7, down regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle indicated a decrease in primary energy metabolism while oxidative stress was evident from the depletion of reduced glutathione, peroxidation of membrane lipids, and accumulation of ceramides which are the hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction. Investigation of the dynamics in the turnover of different molecules hints that H. armigera activated multiple compensatory strategies such as mobilizing triglycerides and amino acid catabolism as an alternative source of energy, upregulation of antioxidants, membrane remodeling, activation of apoptosis, and shifts in neuromodulatory metabolites linked to cognitive adaptation. Collectively, these findings point to a tightly regulated physiological tug-of-war in H. armigera, where the damaging impact of rCanPI-induced oxidative and nutritional stress is counteracted by a suite of compensatory metabolic, structural, and neuromodulatory adjustments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lipidomic profiling in H. armigera, providing novel insights into its biochemical resilience and identifying potential metabolic vulnerabilities for enhancing biopesticide strategies. |
| Study ID | IMS_100045 |
| Title | Metabolic and Lipidomic Trade-offs in Helicoverpa armigera: Dynamics Under Plant Protease Inhibitor-Induced Stress-(study 2) |
| Uploaded by | Yashwant |
| Study Type | Mass Spectrometry (MS) |
| Data Type | Untargeted |
| Release Date | Nov. 24, 2025 |
| IEC/IBSC No. | |
| Publication | |
| Summary | Plant protease inhibitors retard the growth and development of insects by inhibiting their digestive proteases. In response, insects try to adapt to these plant defensive molecules by modulating their protease expression. However, their survival mechanisms might not be limited only to digestive plasticity. To explore this, we performed a comprehensive lipidomics and metabolomics analysis in Helicoverpa armigera fed with a recombinant Capsicum annuum protease inhibitor (rCanPI-7) having unique four inhibitory repeat domains with potent activity against insect trypsins and chymotrypsins. These results revealed that H. armigera employs a dynamic and multifaceted physiological response to dietary stress induced by rCanPI. Upon ingestion of rCanPI-7, down regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle indicated a decrease in primary energy metabolism while oxidative stress was evident from the depletion of reduced glutathione, peroxidation of membrane lipids, and accumulation of ceramides which are the hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction. Investigation of the dynamics in the turnover of different molecules hints that H. armigera activated multiple compensatory strategies such as mobilizing triglycerides and amino acid catabolism as an alternative source of energy, upregulation of antioxidants, membrane remodeling, activation of apoptosis, and shifts in neuromodulatory metabolites linked to cognitive adaptation. Collectively, these findings point to a tightly regulated physiological tug-of-war in H. armigera, where the damaging impact of rCanPI-induced oxidative and nutritional stress is counteracted by a suite of compensatory metabolic, structural, and neuromodulatory adjustments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lipidomic profiling in H. armigera, providing novel insights into its biochemical resilience and identifying potential metabolic vulnerabilities for enhancing biopesticide strategies. |
| # | Sample ID | Sample Name | Organism | Source | Sample Type | Experimental Condition | Gender | Age | Replicates | Storage | Files/Sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IMSM_102236 | EC_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 2 | IMSM_102237 | EC_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 3 | IMSM_102238 | EC_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 4 | IMSM_102239 | EI_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 5 | IMSM_102240 | EI_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 6 | IMSM_102241 | EI_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 7 | IMSM_102242 | LC_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 8 | IMSM_102243 | LC_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 9 | IMSM_102244 | LC_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 10 | IMSM_102245 | LI_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 11 | IMSM_102246 | LI_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 12 | IMSM_102247 | LI_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 13 | IMSM_102248 | MC_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 14 | IMSM_102249 | MC_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 15 | IMSM_102250 | MC_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Control | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 16 | IMSM_102251 | MI_1 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 17 | IMSM_102252 | MI_2 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| 18 | IMSM_102253 | MI_3 | Helicoverpa armigera | Insects | Insect gut | Fed | NA | NA | NA | −80 °C | 2 |
| # | MS Exp ID | Sample Name / ID | MS Type | Instrument Name | Instrument Type | Ionization Method | Ion Mode | Software Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IME_101636 | LI_2 / IMSM_102246 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 2 | IME_101608 | EC_1 / IMSM_102236 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 3 | IME_101609 | EC_2 / IMSM_102237 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 4 | IME_101610 | EC_3 / IMSM_102238 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 5 | IME_101611 | EI_1 / IMSM_102239 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 6 | IME_101612 | EI_2 / IMSM_102240 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 7 | IME_101613 | EI_3 / IMSM_102241 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 8 | IME_101614 | LC_1 / IMSM_102242 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 9 | IME_101615 | LC_2 / IMSM_102243 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 10 | IME_101616 | LC_3 / IMSM_102244 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 11 | IME_101617 | LI_1 / IMSM_102245 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 12 | IME_101618 | LI_2 / IMSM_102246 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 13 | IME_101619 | LI_3 / IMSM_102247 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 14 | IME_101620 | MC_1 / IMSM_102248 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 15 | IME_101621 | MC_2 / IMSM_102249 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 16 | IME_101622 | MC_3 / IMSM_102250 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 17 | IME_101623 | MI_1 / IMSM_102251 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 18 | IME_101624 | MI_2 / IMSM_102252 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 19 | IME_101625 | MI_3 / IMSM_102253 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Positive | NA |
| 20 | IME_101626 | EC_1 / IMSM_102236 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 21 | IME_101627 | EC_2 / IMSM_102237 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 22 | IME_101628 | EC_3 / IMSM_102238 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 23 | IME_101629 | EI_1 / IMSM_102239 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 24 | IME_101630 | EI_2 / IMSM_102240 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 25 | IME_101631 | EI_3 / IMSM_102241 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 26 | IME_101632 | LC_1 / IMSM_102242 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 27 | IME_101633 | LC_2 / IMSM_102243 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 28 | IME_101634 | LC_3 / IMSM_102244 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 29 | IME_101635 | LI_1 / IMSM_102245 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 30 | IME_101637 | LI_3 / IMSM_102247 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 31 | IME_101638 | MC_1 / IMSM_102248 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 32 | IME_101639 | MC_2 / IMSM_102249 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 33 | IME_101640 | MC_3 / IMSM_102250 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 34 | IME_101641 | MI_1 / IMSM_102251 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 35 | IME_101642 | MI_2 / IMSM_102252 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| 36 | IME_101643 | MI_3 / IMSM_102253 | LCMS (Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry) | Thermo Fusion Tribrid Orbitrap | Orbitrap | Electrospray Ionization - ESI | Negative | NA |
| # | First Name | Last Name | Organization | Designation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yashwant | Kumar | y.kumar@thsti.res.in | Translational Health Science And Technology Institute (THSTI) | principal_investigator |
| # | FTP Run ID | MS Exp ID | MS Data File |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IMR_102212 | IME_101608 | PO_EC_1.mzML |
| 2 | IMR_102213 | IME_101609 | PO_EC_2.mzML |
| 3 | IMR_102214 | IME_101610 | PO_EC_3.mzML |
| 4 | IMR_102215 | IME_101611 | PO_EI_1.mzML |
| 5 | IMR_102216 | IME_101612 | PO_EI_2.mzML |
| 6 | IMR_102217 | IME_101613 | PO_EI_3.mzML |
| 7 | IMR_102218 | IME_101614 | PO_LC_1.mzML |
| 8 | IMR_102219 | IME_101615 | PO_LC_2.mzML |
| 9 | IMR_102220 | IME_101616 | PO_LC_3.mzML |
| 10 | IMR_102221 | IME_101617 | PO_LI_1.mzML |
| 11 | IMR_102222 | IME_101618 | PO_LI_2.mzML |
| 12 | IMR_102223 | IME_101619 | PO_LI_3.mzML |
| 13 | IMR_102224 | IME_101620 | PO_MC_1.mzML |
| 14 | IMR_102225 | IME_101621 | PO_MC_2.mzML |
| 15 | IMR_102226 | IME_101622 | PO_MC_3.mzML |
| 16 | IMR_102227 | IME_101623 | PO_MI_1.mzML |
| 17 | IMR_102228 | IME_101624 | PO_MI_2.mzML |
| 18 | IMR_102229 | IME_101625 | PO_MI_3.mzML |
| 19 | IMR_102230 | IME_101626 | NEG_EC_1.mzML |
| 20 | IMR_102231 | IME_101627 | NEG_EC_2.mzML |
| 21 | IMR_102232 | IME_101628 | NEG_EC_3.mzML |
| 22 | IMR_102233 | IME_101629 | NEG_EI_1.mzML |
| 23 | IMR_102234 | IME_101630 | NEG_EI_2.mzML |
| 24 | IMR_102235 | IME_101631 | NEG_EI_3.mzML |
| 25 | IMR_102236 | IME_101632 | NEG_LC_1.mzML |
| 26 | IMR_102237 | IME_101633 | NEG_LC_2.mzML |
| 27 | IMR_102238 | IME_101634 | NEG_LC_3.mzML |
| 28 | IMR_102239 | IME_101635 | NEG_LI_1.mzML |
| 29 | IMR_102240 | IME_101636 | NEG_LI_2.mzML |
| 30 | IMR_102241 | IME_101637 | NEG_LI_3.mzML |
| 31 | IMR_102242 | IME_101638 | NEG_MC_1.mzML |
| 32 | IMR_102243 | IME_101639 | NEG_MC_2.mzML |
| 33 | IMR_102244 | IME_101640 | NEG_MC_3.mzML |
| 34 | IMR_102245 | IME_101641 | NEG_MI_1.mzML |
| 35 | IMR_102246 | IME_101642 | NEG_MI_2.mzML |
| 36 | IMR_102247 | IME_101643 | NEG_MI_3.mzML |